What Pet Parents Need To Know

Testicular tumours are considered one of the most common tumours in older male dogs. It is characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells within the testicles. The overall incidence in dogs is not very high because most dogs are castrated (neutered) at a young age.

The three most common types of testicular tumours are

• Sertoli cell tumours
• Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours
• Seminomas

About onethird of the dogs who develop a tumour will have more than one of these types of tumours present

Tumour Causes in your Canine Companion

The current cause of testicular tumour development is unknown. Although they are most common in intact older male dogs (>10 years), they can occur in intact males of any age and breed. Male dogs who have one or both testicles that have not descended from the belly cavity are much more likely to develop a tumour than dogs with normal (scrotal) testicles.

Tumours of normal descended, or scrotal, testicles are usually benign while those still located in the abdomen are much more likely to be malignant. Testicles retained in the abdomen are predisposed to the development of Sertoli cell tumours and seminomas. These tumours are slow to metastasize but may spread to lymph nodes

The reason why a particular pet may develop this, or any tumour or cancer, is not straightforward. Very few tumours and cancers have a single known cause. Most seem to be caused by a complex mix of risk factors, including environmental, and genetic or hereditary.

Age is also a risk factor. While unneutered dogs of any age and breed can have testicular tumours, they occur most commonly in those over 10 years old. Some other breeds that are most susceptible to the development of testicular tumours are – Boxer, German Shepherd, Afghan Hound, Wei ma ra ner, Shet la nd Sheepdogs, Collie, and Maltese.

Spotting the Signs

Any clinical signs seen will vary depending on the type of tumour and the size of the tumour. Clinical signs also depend upon the size and grade of the tumour.

• The most common signs include –
• Uneven testicular size
• Scrotal swelling (sac of skin housing the testicles)
• Enlarged mammary glands and nipples
• Sagging prepuce (sheath of penis)
• Hair loss and darkening of the skin
• Aquatting to urinate (like a female dog)
• Infertility in a breeding male

If you notice any of these signs, consult your vet as soon as possible.

The Road from Diagnosis to Recovery

Suspicion of a testicular tumour is based on the patient’s history and physical examination findings. Your vet may recommend certain tests like – a complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry profile, u r i na lysis, chest and a b d om i n a l radiographs (x-rays), and a b d om i n a l and scrotal u ltrasou nd are required. To assess the nature of the mass fine needle aspiration and histopathology (biopsy) of the removed testicle may also be recommended.

Paws, Protection, and Prevention

The best way to prevent testicular tumours in your pet is to get him neutered at an early age and not to skip his regular health check-ups.

Depending on your veterinarian’s recommendations and your pet’s breed. Larger breeds may benefit from delayed neutering until they stop growing (9-15 months of age) to help prevent the development of certain cancers and joint issues later in life.

Trust your vet and have faith in the treatment. It may take a little time, but the combination of the right care and treatment will make your furry friend healthy!

(Dr. Arkaprabha Gupta – B.V.Sc & A.H, M.V.Sc (Veterinary Pathology); Dr. Debotri MondalB.V.Sc & A.H, M.V.Sc (Veterinary Pathology West Bengal)